Intelligence artificielle et marché du travail : l’éclairage de Roland Rathelot lors d’un MeetUp Hi!PARIS


Lors du MeetUp organisé par Hi!Paris à Station F, Roland Rathelot, chercheur au CREST, professeur d’économie à l’ENSAE Paris et chercheur affilié à Hi!Paris, est intervenu pour présenter ses travaux sur l’impact de l’intelligence artificielle sur le fonctionnement du marché du travail. 

Son intervention s’inscrivait dans une conférence intitulée “How is artificial intelligence transforming work, employment, skills, and productivity?”, réunissant chercheurs et acteurs économiques autour d’une question centrale : que change réellement l’IA, aujourd’hui, dans l’emploi et l’organisation du travail ?

Comprendre ce que l’IA fait concrètement au marché du travail

Plutôt que de se concentrer sur les discours prospectifs ou les scénarios de substitution massive du travail humain, Roland Rathelot a proposé une approche ancrée dans les données et l’analyse empirique. Ses travaux s’intéressent en particulier aux frictions informationnelles sur le marché du travail : ce qui empêche les entreprises et les travailleurs de se rencontrer efficacement, malgré l’abondance d’offres, de candidatures et d’informations disponibles.

Dans ce cadre, l’intelligence artificielle apparaît moins comme un facteur de destruction d’emplois que comme un outil susceptible d’améliorer la mise en relation entre l’offre et la demande de travail. En exploitant de très larges bases de données et des algorithmes de recommandation, ses recherches analysent dans quelle mesure l’IA peut aider à mieux orienter les candidats vers des postes correspondant réellement à leurs compétences, et inversement.

Le projet ERC INASHI comme fil conducteur

Cette intervention faisait directement écho au projet ERC INASHI, porté par Roland Rathelot, qui étudie les effets des innovations technologiques sur le marché du travail à partir de données massives et d’analyses rigoureuses. L’objectif est de mesurer précisément comment les outils numériques, et en particulier les systèmes de recommandation, modifient les comportements de recherche d’emploi, les décisions de recrutement et, à plus long terme, l’allocation du travail et la productivité.

En s’appuyant sur des résultats empiriques, ses travaux permettent de dépasser les oppositions entre “IA créatrice” ou “IA destructrice” d’emplois, pour mettre en lumière des mécanismes plus fins : réduction de certaines frictions, mais aussi risques de nouveaux biais ou d’effets d’exclusion si ces outils sont mal conçus ou mal utilisés.

Une contribution au débat public sur l’IA et l’emploi

Dans un contexte de transformations rapides liées à l’IA, l’intervention de Roland Rathelot a contribué à recentrer le débat sur des enjeux mesurables et observables, utiles tant pour les chercheurs que pour les décideurs publics et les acteurs économiques. Elle a également nourri les échanges avec d’autres intervenants issus du monde académique et de l’entreprise, autour des effets de l’IA sur la productivité, les compétences et les pratiques managériales.

L’intervention de Roland Rathelot est disponible en ligne :

Econ Nobel Prize Lecture: Philippe Aghion at CREST and Institut Polytechnique de Paris


On January 12, 2026, CREST and the Department of Economics of Institut Polytechnique de Paris welcomed a large audience for its annual lecture devoted to the Nobel Prize in Economics, hosted at CREST-ENSAE Paris.

The event featured Philippe Aghion, one of the recipients of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics, together with Antonin Bergeaud, winner of the 2025 Best Young Economist Prize.

Bertrand Garbinti (organizer), Thierry Coulhon (head of IP Paris), Antonin Bergeaud, Emmanuelle Taugourdeau (head of CREST), Philippe Aghion, Elise Coudin (head of ENSAE Paris)

The lecture opened with remarks by Antonin Bergeaud, who offered a personal and insightful introduction to Philippe Aghion’s work. Using the language of Schumpeterian growth, he highlighted the breadth of Aghion’s research agenda and the remarkable influence it has had across fields, institutions, and generations of economists.

Philippe Aghion then took the floor for his lecture, The Economics of Creative Destruction. Returning to the foundations of the Aghion-Howitt model, he explained how long-run growth emerges from a steady process of innovation, in which new ideas and technologies continuously replace older ones. This framework, he argued, remains a powerful tool for understanding some of today’s most pressing economic questions.

Throughout the lecture, Aghion illustrated how the concept of creative destruction helps make sense of historical and contemporary challenges, from industrial take-off to periods of slow growth, as well as the difficulties faced by middle-income countries. A recurring theme was the role of competition: not only as a driver of innovation, but also as a condition for the diffusion of new technologies and the renewal of economic activity.

The discussion also addressed the tensions between innovation, market concentration, and inequality. Philippe Aghion stressed that innovation-led growth does not have to come at the expense of social cohesion, provided that the right policy framework is in place. In this respect, he argued that elements of the American and European models can be combined, rather than opposed, notably through education, labor market institutions, and competition policy.

In the final part of the lecture, Philippe Aghion turned to the economic implications of artificial intelligence. While acknoledging its considerable potential for productivity gains and new forms of job creation, he also emphasized the importance of competition and skills in ensuring that these benefits are broadly shared.

Conference replay

The full lecture is now available on the CREST YouTube channel.

DeFi Workshop 2025


On 15-16 December 2025, CREST-Institut Polytechnique de Paris and Grenoble INP jointly hosted the DeFi Workshop 2025 in Grenoble, France.

The workshop brought together researchers working on the economics, infrastructure, and design of blockchain and decentralized finance (DeFi).

The event was supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR) through its grant for the project Blockchain and Decentralized Finance (BLOCKFI).

Day 1: Markets, Incentives, and Protocol Design

The first day featured a series of talks on blockchain microstructure, market design, incentives, and governance. Paolo Guasoni (Dublin City University) analyzed the dynamics of Bitcoin mempool, finding key determinants of fees and waiting times during congestion. Nir Chemaya (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev) introduced Clever Look-ahead Volatility Reduction (CLVR), a transaction ordering rule for AMM-based exchanges, designed to reduce intra-block price volatility and improve execution outcomes.

Several presentations focused on staking and incentives. Fayçal Drissi (University of Oxford) discussed the macroeconomic implications of liquid staking, while Boyang Mu (IP Paris) presented a microeconomic model showing how reputation mechanisms can discipline operators in delegated staking and restaking protocols.

Market performance and mechanism design were explored by Lorenzo Schoenleber (Collegio Carlo Alberto), who provided evidence of systemic frictions in prediction markets. Michele Fabi (IP Paris) studied automated market-making mechanisms for peer-to-peer energy sharing, demonstrating substantial gains over grid-only benchmarks.

Julian Ma (Ethereum Foundation) discussed proposed improvements to Ethereum’s transaction sequencing and inclusion mechanisms (EIP-7805) aimed at improving user experience and limiting transaction reordering manipulation.

The day was concluded by three presentations: Mnacho Echenim (Grenoble INP) presented work on formally verifying optimal trade splitting across concentrated liquidity pools using Isabelle/HOL. Aklis Georgiadis-Harris (University of Warwick) challenged the view of banks as inherently fragile through a mechanism-design framework yielding efficient equilibria without bank runs. Yiyun Zheng (IP Paris) presented her analysis of how airdrop design shapes platform growth and governance.

Day 2: Risk, Scaling; and Network Perspectives

The second day opened with Maarten van Oordt (Vrije University Amsterdam), who examined rational cryptocurrency bubbles driven by expected investment inflows. Following this, Louis Latournerie (IP Paris) presented his mathematical model of the Aave lending protocol, which incorporates liquidation strategies to quantify protocol-level risk.

Roman Kozhan (Warwick Business School) showed that informed liquidity provision on decentralized exchanges, particularly near-current-price activity in low-fee pools, plays a significant role in price discovery. Further insights were provided by Emmanuel Gobet (Sorbonne University), who demonstrated in an optimal stopping model for Uniswap v3 that liquidity providers should optimally concentrate liquidity in a single range.

Daniel Augot (Inria, IP Paris) explained the cryptographic foundations of zero-knowledge proofs to enhance Ethereum’s scalability, highlighting STARK-based proof systems. Yackolley Amoussou-Guenou (Panthéon-Assas University) highlighted persistent censorship risks in Proof-of-Stake systems due to weak validator incentives for enforcing fair transaction ordering.

The workshop concluded with two talks on applying network analysis to assess decentralized ecosystems. Natkamon Tovanich (TU Wien) presented network-based frameworks for uncovering money flows, user behaviors, and economic activities on blockchains. Emphasizing the importance of real-time DeFi monitoring and risk analysis, Julien Prat (IP Paris) demonstrated that network topology plays a crucial role in contagion within the DeFi lending protocol.

The DeFi Workshop 2025 showcased the breadth and depth of current research in blockchain and decentralized ecosystems, fostering cross-disciplinary dialogue and setting the stage for future collaborations across economics, computer science, and cryptography.

Le déclin démographique en France : une urgence économique et sociale


2025 : le solde naturel de la France devient négatif pour la première fois depuis 1945

Selon les chiffres de l’Insee publiés le 13 janvier 2026, 2025 marque une rupture historique : pour la première fois depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le solde naturel de la France est négatif. L’année dernière, le pays a enregistré plus de décès (651 000) que de naissances (645 000), soit un solde de -6 000. Parallèlement, l’indicateur conjoncturel de fécondité (ICF) atteint un niveau historiquement bas, avec 1,56 enfant par femme, le plus faible depuis 1917.

Faut-il s’en inquiéter ? Dans son livre Le déclin démographique : une urgence économique (PUF, 2026), Pauline Rossi, économiste, chercheuse au CREST et Professeure à l’École polytechnique, propose une analyse approfondie des origines et des conséquences de ce phénomène. Ses travaux, menés au sein du CREST, montrent que la baisse de la natalité et le vieillissement de la population s’inscrivent dans un mouvement global vers plus de prospérité économique et de liberté individuelle. Comme les transitions énergétiques et technologiques, la transition démographique exige de repenser notre organisation économique et sociale pour garantir un progrès plus durable et inclusif.

Un phénomène mondial et structurel

Le déclin démographique n’est pas spécifique à la France. Comme le souligne Pauline Rossi, il s’agit d’un phénomène mondial, comparable par son ampleur et ses défis à la transition climatique. Dans le cadre de son projet ERC P3OPLE (Peers and Possible Partners: exploring the Origins of Population Long-term Equilibria), elle étudie notamment comment les politiques publiques peuvent influencer les dynamiques démographiques et réduire les inégalités, en particulier celles liées à la parentalité et à la conciliation entre vie professionnelle et vie familiale.

Ses recherches montrent que les politiques natalistes traditionnelles ont souvent des effets limités. Elle plaide pour une reconnaissance du travail parental comme un investissement collectif, et pour une refonte des politiques publiques afin de mieux soutenir les familles et favoriser l’égalité entre les sexes.

Quelles conséquences pour l’économie et la société ?

Le vieillissement de la population et la baisse de la natalité posent des défis majeurs : financement des retraites, pression sur les systèmes de santé, pénurie de main-d’oeuvre dans certains secteurs, et adaptation des infrastructures. La France, avec une espérance de vie parmi les plus élevées d’Europe, doit anticiper ces transformations pour en faire une opportunité de développement durable et inclusif.

Pauline Rossi insiste sur la nécessité d’une transition démographique maîtrisée, qui passe par l’innovation sociale, la valorisation du capital humain et une meilleure répartition des ressources. Ses travaux dans le cadre de son ERC P3OPLE visent à identifier les leviers politiques les plus efficaces pour accompagner cette transition, en s’appuyant sur des données rigoureuses et des analyses comparatives internationales.

Pour aller plus loin

La presse en parle

2025 CREST Highlights


As 2025 draws to a close, CREST reflects on a year marked by outstanding research achievements, prestigious recognitions, and impactful initiatives. Below is an overview of the laboratory’s key highlights.

This year was notably marked by CREST’s evaluation by HCERES, which recognised the laboratory as an excellent multidisciplinary research centre, particularly for the quality of its publications and its strong international visibility.

In 2025, CREST also organised its first retreat, a collective event dedicated to reflecting on the future of the laboratory and initiating concrete measures to improve laboratory life, internal communication, and the consideration of key issues such as research organisation, environmental policy, and international inclusion.

Key figures

  • Researchers | 112
  • PhD candidates | 100 PhD currently enrolled at CREST-Institut Polytechnique de Paris
  • ERC Grants | 9 ERC grants in Economics, Sociology, and Statistics

Doctoral training

In 2025, CREST organised a series of doctoral courses delivered by professors from leading universities (MIT, Oxford, University of Tokyo, among others), offering advanced training to ENSAE Paris students and, in particular, to CREST PhD candidates. These courses enabled doctoral researchers to deepen their theoretical and methodological skills while engaging with cutting-edge research developed in academic environments beyond CREST.

20 PhD candidates graduated from CREST-IP Paris in 2025, pursuing a wide range of high-level career paths across academia, the public sector, and industry. Several alumni secured academic positions as Assistant Professors at institutions such as LMU Munich, ETH Zurich, and Hitotsubashi University. Other joined key public institutions, including a position as Head of the Families Study Section at INSEE, or transitioned to the private sector as Applied Scientist at Amazon and Economist at Malt. These placements reflect CREST’s strong commitment to doctoral training and its ability to prepare PhD graduates for impactful careers across sectors.

Research Breakthroughs: 204 Publications

In 2025, CREST published 204 scientific contributions, including conference papers presented at major international venues. Nearly 80% of these publications appeared in top Q1 journals, reflecting the breadth and depth of research conducted across the laboratory’s clusters.

Selected highlights include:

The Negligible Effect of Free Contraception on Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Burkina Faso, Pascaline Dupas, Seema Jayachandran, Adriana Lleras-Muney, Pauline Rossi, American Economic Review

From Public Labs to Private Firms: Magnitude and Channels of Local R&D Spillovers, Antonin Bergeaud, Arthur Guillouzouic, Emeric Henry, Clément Malgouyres, Quarterly Journal of Economics

The Biodiversity Premium, Guillaume Coqueret, Thomas Giroux, Olivier-David Zerbib, Ecological Economics

Propagation of a Carbon Price in a Credit Portfolio through Macroeconomic Factors, Géraldine Bouveret, Jean-François Chassagneux, Smail Ibbou, Antoine J. Jacquier, Lionel Sopgoui, SIAM Journal on Financial Mathematics

Machine Bias: How Do Generative Language Models Answer Opinion Polls?, Julien Boelaert, Samuel Coavoux, Etienne Ollion, Ivaylo Petev, Patrick Präg, Sociological Methods & Research

Beyond Indices: Profiles of Social Vulnerability Gap in Disaster Risk Perception, Eric Tate, Samuel Rufat, Md Asif Rahman, Shelley Hoover, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

Mapping Cells trough Time and Space with MOSCOT, Dominik Klein et al., Nature

Asymptotic Equivalence of Locally Stationary Processes and Bivariate Gaussian White Noise, Cristina Butucea, Alexander Meister, Angelika Rohde, Annals of Statistics

Discover more CREST publications on our HAL webpage.

Impactful Events and Conferences

Chairs and Research Structures

In 2025, CREST welcomed two new chairs:

  • CARE | Assurabilité des Risques Emergents, led by Olivier Lopez, focusing on climate risk modelling, risk coverage and distribution mechanisms, and prevention strategies, with Allianz IARD, Institut Louis Bachelier, Fondation du Risque. More information here.
  • Hi! Paris Chair, led by Etienne Ollion, developing the Textual Politics, project on the transformation of political analysis through natural language processing. More information here.

Awards and Recognitions

CREST researchers received numerous distinctions in 2025, including:

Several CREST researchers were also appointed to key institutional roles, including the Conseil d’Analyse Economique, for Emmanuelle Taugourdeau and Pauline Rossi, Patricia Crifo was named a Senior Advisor at la Cour des Comptes. Julien Prat was named Head of the Department of Economics-Sociology at Institut Polytechnique de Paris.

Books, Projects, and Initiatives

In 2025, CREST researchers authored and contributed to major collective works and projects:

  • Handbook of Quantitative Finance, edited by Peter Tankov and Ruixing Zhang, addressing sustainability, climate risk, regulation, and sustainable financial instruments.
  • Google has again supported CREST researchers:
    • Anna Korba for her project “Optimizing Diffusion Models via Generative Bilevel Learning
    • Vianney Perchet for his project “Design, Incentivization, Optimization and (Reinforcement-)Learning of Multi-Layered Market
  • Guillaume Hollard launched OrienteExpress, a research project with Ecole polytechnique and Docaposte (Index Education) on AI for career guidance and equal opportunities.
  • Observatory of Equal Opportunities, jointly launched by IP Paris, the Ecoles Normales Supérieures, and the Institut des Politiques Publiques, with CREST researchers contributing to the analysis of inequalities in access to elite higher education.

This year also marked the third season of the Beyond the PhD video series, featuring Benoît Schmutz-Bloch, Caroline Hillairet, Paola Tubaro, and Nicolas Chopin, who shared their thoughts on the PhD journey, its impact on their careers, and the broader role of research in society.

Media and Outreach

In 2025, CREST researchers were featured in:

  • More than 100 media outlets, including, Le Monde, Les Echos, France Culture, Libération, and La Tribune.
  • 24+ op-eds and expert articles contributing to public debate.

Featured interview: Béatrice Cherrier discusses the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics. Listen here.

International Scientific Exchange

In 2025, CREST organised 228 research seminars across macroeconomics, applied microeconomics, sociology, finance and financial econometrics, quantitative sustainable economics and finance, statistics, actuarial science, mathematical finance, and AI for social sciences. Researchers from 20 countries were invited, representing institutions across North America, Europe, and Asia, including UCLA, MIT, Yale, Columbia, Northwestern, Oxford, LSE, ETH Zurich, Bocconi, HEC Lausanne, KU Leuven, LMU, Toronto, Waseda, and Osaka University. This extensive programme further reinforced CREST’s role as a central hub for international research dialogue.

CREST celebrated a year of remarkable achievements and meaningful contributions to research, society, and global debates. From groundbreaking publications to prestigious awards and high-level scientific exchanges, CREST community continues to push boundaries and foster innovation.

Looking ahead, CREST remains committed to advancing interdisciplinary research, addressing major societal challenges, and nurturing a collaborative and inclusive environment for researchers and students alike.