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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for CREST
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DTSTART:20210328T010000
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DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Helsinki:20210512T140000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Helsinki:20210512T153000
DTSTAMP:20260712T221529
CREATED:20210510T073523Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20210510T073523Z
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SUMMARY:Tobias WOLFRAM (University of Bielefeld & CREST/ENSAE) - "The Heritability of Educational Attainment -Shared Environment\, Genetic Nurture and Psychological Mediators "
DESCRIPTION:\nSocial Science Genetics Paris Seminar : \nTime: 2:00 pm \nDate: 12th of May 2021\nPlace: Visio \nTobias WOLFRAM (University of Bielefeld & CREST/ENSAE) – “The Heritability of Educational Attainment -Shared Environment\, Genetic Nurture and Psychological Mediators” \nAbstract : Variation in educational attainment is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Environmental influences might either be the result of resources shared between children in the same family or due to unsystematic\, nonshared factors. We leverage methods from quantitative genetics and jointly analyse educational attainment of German twins\, their siblings and parents to disentangle different mechanisms of the shared environment. In line with past findings\, genetic effects explain half\, the shared environment a quarter of the observed variation. Effects strongly differ for different sources of the shared environment: In contrast to recent molecular-genetic findings concerning genetic nurture\, cultural transmission from parent to offspring is weak and nonsignificant. Instead proximal (shared between twins) and distal (shared between all siblings) factors dominate. This points to genetic nurture not measuring vertical transmission but instead acting as a general proxy of the shared environment. By controlling for measured psychological covariates we show that both proximal and distal effects affect educational attainment by influencing noncognitive traits\, indicating a socially mediated skill-transfer\, in addition to genetic pathways. \n\nOrganizers : \nFelix TROPF (Pôle de Sociologie du CREST)\nSponsors :\nCREST\n
URL:https://crest.science/event/tobias-wolfram-university-of-bielefeld-the-heritability-of-educational-attainment-shared-environment-genetic-nurture-and-psychological-mediators/
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DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Helsinki:20210512T150000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Helsinki:20210512T161500
DTSTAMP:20260712T221529
CREATED:20210505T125547Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20210505T125547Z
UID:12680-1620831600-1620836100@crest.science
SUMMARY:Nikhil AGARWAL (MIT) - "Choices and Outcomes in Assignment Mechanisms: The Allocation of Deceased Donor Kidneys "
DESCRIPTION:Microeconomics Seminar : \nTime: 3:00 pm – 4:15pm\nDate:  12th Mai 2021\nRoom: VISIO \nNikhil AGARWAL (MIT) – “Choices and Outcomes in Assignment Mechanisms: The Allocation of Deceased Donor Kidneys” \n\nAbstract: While the mechanism design paradigm emphasizes notions of efficiency based on agent preferences\, policymakers often focus on alternative objectives. School districts emphasize educational achievement\, and transplantation communities focus on patient survival. It is unclear whether choice-based mechanisms perform well when assessed based on these outcomes. This paper evaluates the assignment mechanism for allocating deceased donor kidneys on the basis of patient life-years from transplantation (LYFT). We examine the role of choice in increasing LYFT and compare equilibrium assignments to benchmarks that remove choice. Our model combines choices and outcomes in order to study how selection affects LYFT. We show how to identify and estimate the model using instruments derived from the mechanism. The estimates suggest that the design in use selects patients with better post-transplant survival prospects and matches them well\, resulting in an average LYFT of 8.78\, which is 0.92 years more than a random assignment. However\, the aggregate LYFT can be increased to 13.84. Realizing the majority of the gains requires transplanting relatively healthy patients\, who would have longer life expectancies even without a transplant. Therefore\, a policymaker faces a dilemma between transplanting patients who are sicker and those for whom life will be extended the longest. \n  \n\nOrganizers:\nRoxana Fernandez Machado (CREST)\, Julien Combe (CREST)\, and Matias Nunez (CREST)\nSponsors:\nCREST\n  \n
URL:https://crest.science/event/nikhil-agarwal-mit-choices-and-outcomes-in-assignment-mechanisms-the-allocation-of-deceased-donor-kidneys/
CATEGORIES:Microeconomics
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